rosemary
rosmarinus officinalis
Welsh names: ysbwynwydd, rhosmari
A symbol of friendship and remembrance, rosemary is an aromatic perennial shrub whose culinary and medicinal properties have been known to many ancient civilisations. Originating in the Mediterranean, the plant thrives in warm coastal places (the latin name rosmarinus means ‘dew of the sea’), however it can withstand colder conditions and grows throughout winter.
In Medieval Wales, rosemary was an important herb to the Physicians of Myddfai who advised placing the flowers or leaves ‘under your head in bed, and you will not be troubled with disagreeable dreams, or oppressed with anxiety of the mind’. The Physicians also suggested that by washing with the plant each morning ‘the aged will retain a youthful look as long as they live.’ According to 19th century Welsh folklore, placing rosemary by the front door prevented snakes from entering the house, as well as keeping witches away. Spoons made from rosemary wood made all food within highly nutritious, and the smoke of its burning bark would apparently release a person from prison.
Rosemary has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidepressant, nervine, digestive and decongestant properties, and can help to relieve headaches, clear blocked sinuses, soothe aching joints and muscles, aid digestion and boost memory by enhancing cellular uptake of oxygen. The welsh name ysbwynwydd means witch or sorcerer, and may refer to the plant’s seemingly magical ability to heal and protect. The flowers are also an important nectar source for bees and other pollinators in early spring.
Note: avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
grow
Poke seeds into moist compost about 1cm deep, lightly cover and water, keeping compost damp but not too wet. Rosemary can grow to a bush six foot tall if sown in the ground or in a large pot. Seeds can be sown directly in the ground in late spring or started in early spring indoors/under cover and transplanted outside when warm enough, in full sun with well drained soil. Germination rates vary for rosemary and seeds can take a while to sprout (some up to a year), while others do so within a few weeks. Seeds can also be sown in smaller pots and make great houseplants - be sure to place near a sunny window, preferably in the kitchen!